Foundation Engineering Handbook
Foundation Engineering Handbook
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Definitions / 1.1
1.2. Project Requirements / 1.3
1.3. Preliminary Information and Planning the Work / 1.4
1.4. Engineering Geologist / 1.5
1.5. Outline of Chapters / 1.7
Part 1 Geotechnical Engineering
Chapter 2. Subsurface Exploration
2.1. Introduction / 2.3
2.2. Document Review / 2.3
2.3. Purpose of Subsurface Exploration / 2.7
2.4. Borings / 2.9
2.5. Test Pits and Trenches / 2.49
2.6. Preparation of Logs / 2.51
2.7. Geophysical Techniques / 2.55
2.8. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering / 2.61
2.9. Subsoil Profile / 2.65
Notation / 2.66
Problems / 2.69
Chapter 3. Laboratory Testing
3.1. Introduction / 3.1
3.2. Index Tests / 3.2
3.3. Oedometer Test / 3.16
3.4. Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soil / 3.19
3.5. Shear Strength of Cohesive Soil / 3.29
3.6. Laboratory Compaction Tests / 3.65
3.7. Permeability Tests / 3.77
Notation / 3.81
Problems / 3.84
Chapter 4. Soil Mechanics 4.14.4. Effective Stress
4.5. Stress Distribution / 4.24
4.6. Total Stress and Effective Stress Analyses / 4.41
4.7. Permeability and Seepage / 4.57
Notation / 4.72
Problems / 4.74
Part 2 Foundation Design
Chapter 5. Shallow and Deep Foundations
5.1. Introduction / 5.3
5.2. Selection of Foundation Type / 5.3
5.3. Shallow Foundations / 5.4
5.4. Deep Foundations / 5.6
Problems / 5.17
Chapter 6. Bearing Capacity of Foundations
6.1. Introduction / 6.1
6.2. Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations / 6.5
6.3. Bearing Capacity for Deep Foundations / 6.16
6.4. Lateral Load Capacity of Deep Foundations / 6.31
6.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering / 6.41
Notation / 6.49
Problems / 6.51
Chapter 7. Settlement of Foundations
7.1. Introduction / 7.1
7.2. Collapsible Soil / 7.2
7.3. Settlement of Cohesionless Soil / 7.9
7.4. Other Common Causes of Settlement / 7.27
7.5. Foundations on Rock / 7.34
7.6. Allowable Settlement / 7.40
Notation / 7.46
Problems / 7.47
Chapter 8. Consolidation
8.1. Introduction / 8.1
8.2. Laboratory Consolidation Test / 8.3
8.3. Immediate Settlement / 8.11
8.4. Primary Consolidation / 8.16
8.5. Rate of Primary Consolidation / 8.24
8.6. Secondary Compression / 8.33
8.7. Consolidation of Soil beneath Shallow Foundations / 8.34
8.8. Consolidation of Soil beneath Deep Foundations / 8.38
8.9. Settlement of Unsaturated Cohesive Soil / 8.41
Notation / 8.45
Problems / 8.47
Chapter 9. Foundations on Expansive Soil
9.1. Introduction / 9.1
9.2. Expansion Potential / 9.2
9.3. Basic Expansive Soil Principles / 9.17
9.4. Methods Used to Predict Foundation Movement / 9.30
9.5. Foundation Design for Expansive Soil / 9.41
9.6. Flatwork / 9.47
9.7. Expansive Rock / 9.49
Notations / 9.50
Problems / 9.52
Chapter 10. Slope Stability
10.1. Introduction / 10.1
10.2. Rockfall / 10.5
10.3. Surficial Slope Stability / 10.10
10.4. Gross Slope Stability / 10.18
10.5. Landslides / 10.32
10.6. Debris Flow / 10.47
10.7. Slope Softening and Creep / 10.50
Notations / 10.56
Problems / 10.57
Chapter 11. Retaining Walls
11.1. Introduction / 11.1
11.2. Simple Retaining Wall without Wall Friction / 11.3
11.3. Simple Retaining Wall with Wall Friction / 11.7
11.4. Design and Construction of Retaining Walls / 11.13
11.5. Restrained Retaining Walls / 11.17
11.6. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Walls / 11.20
11.7. Sheet Pile Walls / 11.25
11.8. Temporary Retaining Walls / 11.31
11.9. Moisture Migration through Basement Walls / 11.37
Notation / 11.41
Problems / 11.43
Chapter 12. Foundation Deterioration and Cracking
12.1. Introduction / 12.1
12.2. Timber Decay / 12.1
12.3. Sulfate Attack of Concrete / 12.3
12.4. Frost / 12.7
12.5. Historic Structures / 12.8
12.6. Shrinkage Cracking / 12.13
12.7. Moisture Migration through Slab-on-Grade Foundations / 12.18
Chapter 13. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for Soils
13.1. Introduction / 13.1
13.2. Basic Earthquake Principles / 13.2
13.3. Peak Ground Acceleration / 13.13
CONTENTS vii13.4. Liquefaction / 13.19
13.5. Slope Stability / 13.31
Notation / 13.45
Problems / 13.46
Chapter 14. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for Foundations and Retaining Walls
14.1. Introduction / 14.1
14.2. Earthquake Structural Damage / 14.2
14.3. Foundation Settlement / 14.9
14.4. Retaining Walls / 14.20
14.5. Foundation Alternatives to Mitigate Earthquake Effects / 14.31
Notation / 14.34
Problems / 14.35
Part 3 Foundation Construction
Chapter 15. Grading and Other Soil Improvement Methods
15.1. Grading / 15.3
15.2. Compaction / 15.14
15.3. Soil Improvement Methods / 15.22
Notation / 15.27
Problems / 15.27
Chapter 16. Foundation Excavation, Underpinning, and Field Load Tests
16.1. Introduction / 16.1
16.2. Foundation Excavation and Construction / 16.2
16.3. Field Load Tests / 16.28
16.4. Foundation Underpinning / 16.32
16.5. Observational Method / 16.40
Chapter 17. Geosynthetics and Instrumentation
17.1. Introduction / 17.1
17.2. Geosynthetics / 17.1
17.3. Instrumentation / 17.7
Part 4 2009 International Building Code
Chapter 18. International Building Code Regulations for Soils
18.1. Introduction / 18.3
18.2. Soils Investigation / 18.5
18.3. Excavation, Grading, and Fill / 18.7
18.4. Presumptive Load-Bearing Values of Soils / 18.10
18.5. Expansive Soil / 18.12
Chapter 19. International Building Code Regulations for Foundations
19.1. Introduction / 19.1
19.2. General Regulations for Footings and Foundations / 19.1
19.3. Foundations Adjacent Slopes / 19.2
19.4. Retaining Walls / 19.4
19.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering / 19.6
Appendix A. Glossary A.1
A.1. Subsurface Exploration Terminology / A.4
A.2. Laboratory Testing Terminology / A.10
A.3. Terminology for Engineering Analysis and Computations / A.16
A.4. Compaction, Grading, and Construction Terminolgy / A.21
A.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Terminolgy / A.28
Bibliography / A.34
Appendix B. Example of a Foundation Engineering Report B.1
B.1. Introduction / B.1
B.2. Site Observations / B.1
B.3. Geology / B.4
B.4. Site Investigation / B.6
B.5. Conclusions / B.6
B.6. Foundation Recommendations / B.6
B.7. Other Considerations / B.8
B.8. Closure / B.8
Appendix C. Solutions to Problems C.1
Appendix D. Conversion Factors
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