Civil engineering Interview Preparation Guide
Civil
engineering Interview Preparation Guide
1.What are the causes of
building collapse?
Answer:-
The PAssage of
time is one reason. Buildings also collapse due to weak foundations.
Earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters can also damage the
structure of the buildings and cause it to collapse. Bombings or demolition of
buildings is also other reasons.
2.What are the
applications of modulus of elasticity?
Answer:-
As the term
implies, "Modulus of Elasticity” relates to the elasticity or
"flexibility" of a material. The value of modulus of elasticity is
very much significant relating to deflection of certain materials used in the
construction industry. Take for example the general E value of mild carbon
steel is about 200 GPA comPAred to about 70 GPA for aluminum. This simply
translate that aluminum is 3 times flexible than steel.
3.What is the difference
between routing maintenance and major maintenance in school facilities?
Answer:-
The routine
maintenance is the minor and consistent rePAirs that are engaged in the school
premises. Examples could include PAinting, replacement of fixtures, louver blades,
furniture rePAirs, and PAtching cracks in the school buildings.
The major
maintenance could also be a total rehabilitation of the school, either school
buildings or any other project within the school community. It could be total
restructuring of the lighting system in the school or sanitary system.
4.How are freeway bridges
built?
Answer:-
After
calculating the anticiPAted traffic for the bridge, cement/reinforced- with-
rebar stanchions are sPAced over the freeway to accommodate the bridge. An
'off-ramp'
from the freeway to the bridge is constructed, as is an 'on-ramp' to the
subsequent road. Cement/rebar slabs are built and lifted with cranes to form
the platform, and voila! Drive carefully.
Although the
bridge deck/roadway is almost always a concrete slab, the structure that holds
up the bridge deck can be reinforced concrete, structural steel, or a
combination of steel and concrete.
5.What is the difference
between absorption & adsorption and sorption?
Answer:-
Absorption
generally refers to two phenomena, which are largely unrelated. In one case, it
refers to when atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or
solid material. For instance, a sponge absorbs water when it is dry.
Absorption
also refers to the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by
another entity, for example, by an atom whose valence electrons make transition
between two electronic energy levels. The photon is destroyed in the process.
The absorbed energy may be re-emitted as radiant energy or transformed into
heat energy. The absorption of light during wave proPAgation is often called
attenuation. The tools of spectroscopy in chemistry are based on the absorption
of photons by atoms and molecules.
Adsorption is
similar, but refers to a surface rather than a volume: adsorption is a process
that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid
or, more rarely, a liquid (adsorbent), forming a molecular or atomic film (the
adsorb-ate). It is different from absorption, in which a substance diffuses
into a liquid or
6.How do you measure
concrete?
Answer:- Cubic feet, Cubic yards, Cubic Meter
7.Which is stronger solid
steel rod or hollow steel pipe?
Answer:-
On a per pound
basis, steel pipe is stronger in bending and is less likely to buckle in axial
compression.
8.What is the tallest man
made structure in the world?
Answer:-
The tallest
man made structure is the KVLY-TV mast which is 2063 feet tall. The worlds
tallest man made structure is Burj Dubai which is 800 meter tall.
9.What are the uses of
alloys in daily life and how are alloys made?
Answer:-
Alloying is
not always done to produce a 'superior' material, but to produce materials
having a desired requirement in the industry or elsewhere. A classic case is of
lead solder (containing lead & tin), in which the melting point of the
constituent elements are lowered, not necessarily a desirable property.
Alloying can
be carried out using hot press method (a sheet of material is sandwiched with
alloying material), rolling the heated base metal in a drum full of alloying
metal powder, using hot spraying, galvanizing (dipping the base in a molten
solution of alloying material) etc. Sometimes the alloying material is added in
small proportions to the molten base metal (e.g., in production of different
types of steel).
10.What is the worlds
largest concrete dam?
Answer:-
The Grand
Coulee Dam is said to be the largest concrete dam. Currently the world's largest
concrete dam is the Itaipu Dam, an accomplishment of two neighboring countries,
Brazil and PAraguay in South America.
Though it is
not finished yet, the Three Gorges (or Sandapong) Dam on the Yangtze River in
China will take over as the largest upon its completion, which is slated for
2009.
11.What is braced
excavation all about?
Answer:-
Excavations
are braced to prevent the cave-in of surrounding unstable soil.
12.What is the meaning of
soil reinforcement?
Answer:-
Soil
reinforcement is the act of improving soil strength to enable it support or
carry more load.
Two common
examples are:
Mixing a soil
amendment such as lime into weak clayey soil and re-comPActing to improve
soil-bearing caPAcity (often done under the road base in highway construction)
Installing
plastic or composite webbing layers (called geo-grid material) alternating with
comPActed soil to produce a stronger sloped soil structure (often done on steep
roadway embankments to improve strength and stability)
13.What is aggregate?
Answer:-
Aggregate is
the component of a composite material used to resist compressive stress.
14.What year was the
keystone power plant in Indiana County constructed?
Answer:-
1967 began
commercial operation on unit 1.
15.What is the force
exerted by the Tacoma narrows bridge?
Answer:-
The force
exerted to the Tacoma narrows bridge was initially the wind resistance. The
wind resistance caused the whole bridge to act as a system with forced
vibration with damping.
16.How do you calculate
the power of a centrifugal pump?
Answer:-
The input
power, that is, the power required to operate the pump should be stated in Hp
(horsepower) on the pump's nameplate. It can also be calculated by the 3-phase
power equation:
P(in Hp) = VI(1.7c)
= Rated Voltage x Rated Current x 1.73/ %Efficiency
If this is a
consumer grade pump that operates on 120Vac, then the equation becomes P = VI,
simply multiply the operating voltage, 120 x current (which is the number
followed by the letter "A".
The output
power, which really is not technically power, but rated in Gpm (gallons per
minute), or caPAcity should also be on the nameplate. If you have the make,
model, and (not necessarily needed) the serial number (also on the nameplate)
you could call the manufacturer's customer service dept. As an application
engineer, I have contacted countless manufacturers’, and service dept's for
assistance. It is now big deal to them, they will be happy to answer your
questions.
17.Why nautical mile is
different from statute mile?
Answer:-
One nautical
mile is defined by one latitude minute of arc (there are 60 such minutes to a
degree). This equals 1852 meters, and roughly (but coincidentally) 2000
yards or 6000
feet. (Edit: actually, a standard nautical mile is 6076 feet, 6000 feet and
2000 yards are commonly used approximations, but produce an error of about 1%).
The statute
mile had a little fuzzier definition to start with, as one mile was the same as
1000 roman PAces/steps. The definition has since changed, but one statute mile
equals about 1609 meters.
18.What is rigging?
Answer:-
In sailing,
the ropes used to move the sails around so the boat will move in the right
direction when the wind blows.
19.What is absolute
pressure?
Answer:-
Absolute
pressure is simply the addition of the observed gage pressure plus the value of
the local atmospheric pressure.
20.How do we calculate
absolute pressure?
Answer:-
Absolute is
equal to gauge pressure plus atmospheric.
21.What is Gravity flow?
Answer:-
Gravity flow
is fluid flowing due to the forces of gravity alone and not to an applied
pressure head. In the Bernoulli equation, the pressure term is omitted, and the
height and velocity terms are the only ones included.
22.What is horizon or
horizontal mining?
Answer:-
Horizon or
horizontal mining can be applied to extraction of material from seams of any
stratified mineral such as limestone or ironstone, but it is more usually
associated with coal - PArticularly where there are several seams that are
inclined or folded and/or faulted.
Horizon mining
involves long level roadways (horizons) being driven from the shafts to the
extremity of the area to be mined.
The levels of
the horizons are chosen to intersect the maximum number of seams the maximum
number of times. As the seams are intersected, headings will be driven into the
seam so that the desired material may be extracted. This method of mining
requires a thorough understanding of the geological structure of the area to be
mined so that the level of the horizons can be chosen for optimum results.
This method of
mining is popular in modern coalmines with seams worked from several horizons.
The considerable capital outlay of driving horizons before production can begin
is recouped by the advantage of having long straight level roadways of generous
dimensions unaffected by the crushing effect of nearby extraction of the
mineral.
23.What is the difference
between engineering stress and true stress?
Answer:-
In biology,
Stress is something that disrupts homeostasis of an organism. In engineering,
Stress is an external force that pushes, pulls, twists, or otherwise puts force
on something.
Engineering
stress assumes that the area a force is acting upon remains constant, true
stress takes into account the reduction in area caused by the force.
24.What is a kip?
Answer:- 1 kip = 1000 lbs
25.What are some
structures that may be subjected to fatigue?
Answer:-
Bridges,
hydraulic presses, burners trains
26.Will going from a 3-tap
to 6-tap increase water pressure?
Answer:-
No, the
pressure will be the same, you will get more volume only if your pumps can
handle the GPM, to increase pressure you may need a booster pump or a single
pump that is rated for your needs.
27.Why does the pressure
increase under soil?
Answer:-
Soil pressure
increases with depth due to the overburden or self-weight of the soil and due
to loads imposed upon the soil.
For example,
the pressure variation below the depth of soil is linear and the relation is
given by pressure = unit wt * depth. As depth increases, there will be a linear
increase in the soil pressure.
28.What is the distance between railway tracks?
Answer:- 4 feet, 8 1/2 inches
29.How high should the water tank be to provide a 60 PSI at
base of this water tower?
Answer:- 138.60ft & 2.31ft
of water= 1 PSI.
30.What are the reasons for geotechnical site investigations
in Uganda?
Answer:-
To know the
soil properties, in so doing be in position to determine whether the PArticular
site is suitable for the purpose intended To know the history of the site
To know what
remedies need to be put in place before construction can start
Based on the
soil properties, that can be determined on site and in the lab, design the
appropriate foundation for the structure.
31.What do you mean by
honeycomb in concrete?
Answer:-
Some people
call it an air pocket in the concrete or a void.
32.What is the purpose of
the gap in the road on this bridge?
Answer:-
Purpose of the
gap in the road is to allow the road to exPAnd and contract with temperature
changes without causing damage or deformation to the road.
33.What is the tensile
strength of wood?
Answer:-
The tensile
strength of a material is the value at which the material fails when subjected
to a tensile force. (Tensile means a force pulling the wood fibers lengthwise,
as opposed to a compressive force.) There are a lot of different types and load
cases for wood, so there is not one answer to this question. For example, wood
used outside will fail at a lower load than wood inside. Wood is also
anisotropic, i.e. it has different strength in different directions.
Example values
of tensile strength vary anywhere from 175 pounds per square inch for Utility Grade
pine to 1400 PSI for Dense Select Structural grade Douglas Fir.
A good
reference for material strength data for most species and grades of
commercially available wood can be found in the American Institute of Timber
Construction handbook.
34.How many Lbs are there
in a yard?
Answer:-
A pound (Lb)
is a unit of measurement for weight while a yard is a unit of measurement for
distance.
If you are
referring to common measurements used on a construction site, a
"yard" is a common abbreviation for a "cubic yard", which
is a unit of measurement of volume. (A cubic yard equals 27 cubic feet.)
Since dirt
weighs about 110 pounds per cubic feet, a cubic yard of dirt weighs about 2970
Lbs. Since concrete is heavier (150 PCF), a cubic yard of concrete weighs about
4050 Lbs.
35.What is a projection
line?
Answer: Projection line is the
way, in which the earth is shown on a flat piece of PAper.
36.What are moment of
inertia and its importance in civil engineering?
Answer:-It measures the opposition any kind of body will
against a certain momentum(Along its axis) trying to rotate that body.
37.What is the origin of
name Railway Sleepers?
Answer:-
When sleepers
were added below the railway, lines the trains ran more smoothly and people
fell asleep on their journeys.
38.What is BMC stands for
in BMC Software?
Answer:-
BMC Software
founders Scott Boulett, John Moores, and Dan Cloer began a contract programming
PArtnership that operated in and around Houston, Texas.
39.Does brick grows bigger
every year.
Answer:- Usually bricks do not grow, but since stuff gets all
over, it looks like it grows.
40.How did street
originate in the plumbing term street ell?
Answer:-
A "street
ell" may have gotten its name because it describes a 90° fitting
PArticularly useful in tight, street ditches. When installing water pipes under
a street, or from a water service, again under the street, into a home or
business, this street ell allows one to change pipe direction with one less
fitting, and in less sPAce, than with a standard ell.
41.What is the absolute
pressure scale?
Answer:-
Absolute
pressure is calculated from a vacuum (0 PSI) and atmospheric pressure
is14.7PSIa or 14.7 PSI above a vacuum 1PSI on a tire pressure gauge is called
1PSIg
= 15.7PSIa
10PSIg=24.7PSIa 100PSIg=114.7PSIa etc.
42.What is the difference
between QA and QC?
Answer:-
Many people
and organizations are confused about the difference between quality assurance
(QA), quality control (QC), and testing. They are closely related, but they are
different concepts. Since all three are necessary to manage the risks of
developing and maintaining software, it is important for software managers to
understand the differences. They are defined below:
Quality
Assurance: A set of activities designed to ensure that the development and/or
maintenance process is adequate to ensure a system will meet its objectives.
Quality
Control: A set of activities designed to evaluate a developed work product.
Testing is the
process of executing a system with the intent of finding defects. (Note that
the "process of executing a system" includes test planning prior to
the execution of the test cases.)
43.How did the Romans get
water up hills using aqua ducts?
Answer:-
Technically,
the Romans were not able to get water to move uphill in a general sense. All
aqueducts move water from an elevated source (spring-fed streams in the
mountains) to end-users at a lower elevation. The water flows almost entirely
downhill from the source to the end user. If the water needed to cross a
valley, the Romans would build an arched structure with an elevated channel to
cross the valley, but even this channel would have a vary slight downhill
gradient that allowed water to flow towards the end user. If a large hill was
in their way, the Romans would either divert the channel around the hill, dig a
trench through the hill, or dig a tunnel through the hill, all while
maintaining a fairly constant, slight downhill gradient towards the end user.
The only
exception to the rule of a generally constant downhill slope to the water
channel is that specific tunnel segments, the Romans could build the tunnel as
an inverted siphon (mentioned above) to cross a depression or valley and raise
the water level on the downhill side almost to the level of the uphill side. To
do this requires a well-sealed tunnel strong enough to withstand the increased
water pressure within the siphon. Note, however, that except for gaining a
little bit of elevation if you slow down fast-moving water, you normally cannot
get water to flow out of the outlet at a higher elevation than the inlet. So
technically, even the Romans were not able to get water to flow "up a
hill".
44.Will Water damage
concrete?
Answer:-
As far as only
concrete is concerned i.e. plain concrete, the effect of water seePAge is very
little (depending upon the grade of concrete) whereas for RCC (reinforced
cement concrete) water that seeps in corrodes the reinforcement and thus
reduces the life of the structure. The defects that water seePAge induces in
concrete are as follows:
induces
capillary formation (due to the detiorating characteristics of water)
With this
capillaries the concrete starts sPAlling out; i.e. the places where capillaries
are formed, with even slight amount of stress that portion comes out and
exposes the steel to the atmosphere
Concrete has a
pH of about 12 -13. It also reduces the pH of the concrete when in salty water
(or) when exposed to marshy areas.
Reduces the
overall strength of concrete
Reduces
durability
Reduces
permeability to further water seePAge
Results in
ageing of structures
45.How do you determine
Specific gravity of cement?
Answer:-
Cement is
usually purchased as a powdery substance that is mixed with sand, aggregate,
gravel, and water to form concrete. Since the cement itself is usually a
powder, it is hard to measure a standard value for its specific gravity. In
addition, since cement is usually not used by itself, knowing its specific
gravity is not PArticularly useful.
A more useful
question is "What is the typical density of concrete?" A rule of
thumb answer is that normal cured concrete has a density of about 150 pounds
per cubic foot. This includes the weight of the cement, sand, aggregate, and
that PArt of the water that chemically binds with the cement to form the
concrete. Since water weighs about 62.4 pounds per cubic feet, concrete is
about 2.4 times as heavy. Thus, the specific gravity of concrete is about 2.4.
If you took cement and mixed it with water, you would eventually have a hard
lump of useless cement and it would also have a specific gravity of between 2
and 2.4.
46.What is the meaning of
a blue land surveyors flag?
Answer:-
White -
"Here is the area I plan on excavating!"
Blue - water
line
Red -electricity
Yellow
-natural gas
Green -sewer
Orange
-telephone and/or fiber optic line
If the blue
flagging was a fuzzy blue marker nailed to the top of a wood surveyor's stake,
then it probably serves to indicate the top of the grade at which the engineer
wants the earthmoving equipment to place fill dirt. These are called
"blue-top" stakes.
47.What are advancements
in civil engineering?
Answer:-
Unlike other
fields of engineering, the major advancement of the filed has been in the early
years of the century before the last century where the use of concrete
technology is advanced. The use of cement as a construction material is since
the turn of the last century, improvement in the field increase by the use of
steel elements in the construction of buildings and bridges of various types.
With the help of two, it was possible to do multistory buildings in the world.
Machineries
were created to speed up the construction structures. The last century has also
seen the advent of sophisticated design to withstand the effect of earthquake
that was not possible before. With the use of computers, development of model
and analysis of structures under the effect of loads was made possible.
Before just
two decades, it used to take months and months to design high-rise building and
big bridges. Now it is a matter of hours.
48.Why is the statue of
liberty made of copper?
Answer:-
Copper is a
very durable material when exposed to weather and is soft enough that it can be
easily molded to curved shapes such as those in the Statue of Liberty. It is
also traditionally used in buildings for complex roofs, so there would have
been trades people available trained to use it.
Other metals
that can be molded are lead but it does not have the attractive verdigris
color, and gold much is more expensive
49.Are cruise ships built for the transatlantic run?
Answer:-
The Queen Mary
2 was built for transatlantic crossings, but much smaller ships can make the
crossing easily. In 1995, I crossed the Atlantic from New York to the Azores on
the Royal Princess (which was not the same ship as the current Royal Princess),
which was about one-fourth the size of the QM2. Just about any seaworthy
PAssenger ship can navigate the Atlantic safely, if not comfortably.
50.What is diversion
tunnel in a dam?
Answer:-
When a dam is
to be built, a diversion tunnel is usually bored through solid rock next to the
dam site to byPAss the dam construction site. The dam is built while the river
flows through the diversion tunnel.
51.What distance in meters
on the ground is the equivalent of one second of arc in longitude or latitude?
Answer:-
One minute of
arc as measured at the centre of the Earth covers one nautical mile on the
surface of the Earth at mean sea level. One nautical mile is 6080 feet or
1853.2 meters. Therefore one second of arc would be 6080 / 60 = 101.3 feet or
30.886 meters.
Lines of
latitude are at regular intervals PArallel to the equator. The relationship
between degrees of latitude and the distance sPAnned on the earth’s surface
remains constant. Therefore at all latitudes 1 minute of latitude sPAns 1
nautical mile on the earths surface.
Lines of
longitude converge at the poles. Therefore, the relationship between degrees of
longitude and the distance sPAnned on the earth’s surface is reduced as the
poles are approached.
At the
equator, the distance sPAnned by 1 minute of longitude would be 1 nautical
mile. At the poles, it would be zero. To calculate the actual distance on the
surface of the earth between two points of known latitude and longitude
requires knowledge of spherical trigonometry to calculate the great circle
distance between the two points.
The distances
quoted are for the surface of the earth at mean sea level. Distances will be
increased above sea level and reduced below it.
52.How do you maintain
water pressure?
Answer:-
If you have
water pressure and wish to maintain it, do not cause flow in the line, which
will reduce pressure due to friction. To keep pressure up, reduce friction by
increasing the line size or eliminating some other restriction.
53.What are some facts
about concrete?
Answer:-
Actually,
drying is not directly linked to hardness in concrete. After concrete is
poured, putting it in a wet environment by spraying it constantly with water
will hasten its hardening and its curing. After concrete cures, it is hard.
54.Who designed the city
of Washington DC?
Answer:- Pierre
L'enfant
55.Where is the worlds
longest elevator and how long is it?
Answer:-
Gold mines in
South Africa go a few kilometers below the surface. The deepest mine now is the
Mponeng Mine in the Orange Free State. The depth of the mine is well over 3000m
from the surface and is getting deeper. The lift itself descends 3037m to a
point 1200m below sea level. It takes 4 minutes.
56.How many kilo-Newtons
equals 1000 kilogram?
Answer:-
When the 1000
kg are at rest, on Earth with gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s2, 1000 kg
equal 9.81 kN.
57.How is the Leaning
Tower of Pisa supported?
Answer:-
In the same
manner, it was supported when it was constructed. However, it has gotten some
"help" over the years.
In the last
couple of decades, the responsible PArties rolled up their sleeves and removed
something approaching 40 meters3 of earth from under the higher side of the
structure. This had the effect of straightening it toward the vertical by about
a foot and a half at the top. For the first time in its history, it is no
longer moving. In addition, in the good-news corner of the PAper is that it is
open to the public again. In addition, the folks who lived near the tower in
the direction it was leaning have returned to their homes and do not have to
sleep with an eye and an ear open.
58.How long does it take
concrete to harden?
Answer:- It takes 28
days to cure.
59.What is the biggest dam
in America?
Answer:- The Grand
Coulee Dam, Washington Length: 5,223 ft Height:550
ft
60.How does siphoning
work?
Answer:-
Pretty good if
the outside hose is a lot lower than the inside hose. The siphon works by a
hose stuck in a fluid container higher than the receiving container. Suction is
shortly placed on the lower side of the hose until the fluid is flowing down
the down line. Gravity will cause a continued flow.
61.Why was the Empire State Building
made of steel?
Answer:-
Strength--Steel
is very strong
Flexibility--Ability
to flex in the wind
Cost--Inexpensive
and fast to build; prefab construction
Concrete, a
possible alternative, has less compressive strength than steel. The bottom
support structure of the empire state building would consist of a large
percentage of solid concrete simply to support the weight of the building.
62.What is the quantity of cement in
Mix M20 concrete?
Answer:-
For nominal
Mix Cement consumption for M25 will be 570 kg per cum. and for Design Mix it
can be optimized to 510 kg per cum.
63.What is unit weight of normal
concrete?
Answer:- 145 PCF
64.What is the difference between
shear and tensile strength?
Answer:-
Tensile
Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force along it long axis. Shear
Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force across its diameter, as
it would be loaded in a lug joint.
65.How many Pyramid in Egypt?
Answer:-About 80
66.Would you cause a 55-gallon drum
of water to weigh more by climbing in?
Answer:-
A person will
sink in water if he is not holding enough air in his lungs to keep him
floating. Therefore, the person weighs more than the amount of water that he
will displace.
67.Who built the sears tower?
Answer:-
While he did
not build the structure (he died in l959), there is some evidence the idea was
suggested under a different name (Illinois Building) by Frank Lloyd Wright, one
of the few true skyscrapers in which he had a role. The original design for the
Illinois Building would have topped off at 5,280 Feet! The Swears tower is a
quarter of this at most, but there are similarities.
68.At what point does a circle start
losing area when being flattened?
Answer:-
The area ratio
decreases slowly at first then more rapidly.
The area of an
ellipse is A=pi x a X b, a and b are the 1/2 major and 1/2 minor axis. If a = r
= b the area is A=pi X r2, which is a circle. Not hard to graph this but you
will have to write the area of the ellipse in terms of the circumference.
69.How do you compute volume of
airflow?
Answer:-Orifice meter is used for measuring flow rate air.
70.What is made from large rocks,
which protects the base of cliffs?
Answer:- Stacks
71.Why are the bolts that hold steel
rails together in oval holes?
Answer:-
It has to do
with the design of the bolts. The reason that head of the bolt is oval. The
head of a bolt fit flush into the bar and set in opposing sets is so that a
piece of dragging equipment will not shear off all the bolts in a joint but
rather the just the nuts one side. As a result, if the hole were not oval on
one side there would be no way to tighten or loose the bolts in a joint.
72.What are the materials used in
building a gravity dam?
Answer:-
There are many
gravity dams constructed of comPActed earth. High dams are generally concrete.
All dams require a spillway to be safe. The spillway must be armored.
73.How many feet are in 4 square
yards?
Answer:-There are 9 square feet in a square yard therefore
there are 36 square feet in 4 square yards.
74.What black man invented the
clothes dryer?
Answer:- George T.
Sampson
75.What is the average density of
soil?
Answer:-
For purposes
of civil engineering, an average soil will have a density of about 100 to 110
pounds per cubic foot. (This can vary a little depending upon how well
compacted the soil is.)
76.What glue is least sticky?
Answer:- Elmer’s
glue is least sticky.
77.What are the strongest shapes in
building?
Answer:- The pillars
78.Which architectural movement is
also known as Jazz Moderna?
Answer:- Art nouveau
79.What is the withdrawal force of
steel nails?
Answer:-
In
engineering, the code-allowable withdrawal force is zero, because the wood
exPAnds and contracts over time and the nail pullout force can reduce to zero.
80.What is the strongest bridge for a
school contest?
Answer:-
If you are
making a spaghetti bridge, bunch it all together in a triangular prism or a big
brick and just fill the gaps with Paste.
81.What is the formula for figuring
out how many gallons of water are in a pipe by the foot?
Answer:- 0.61 * d2,
where d is the diameter of the pipe in inches.
82.What is the tensile strength of
marble?
Answer:-
Tensile
Strength, Ultimate 7.00 - 20.0 MPA 1020 - 2900 PSI
this is the
strength in a pure tension test. For bending use:
Modulus of
Rupture 0.00410 - 0.0276 GPA 0.595 - 4.00 ksi
83.Did any of the Egyptian pyramids
ever fall down?
Answer:-
Yes, many did.
The great pyramid and others that have survived did so for a reason. Their
shapes made them sturdier over time and were not the first design. Many steppe
pyramids were built but were too steep and as the corners eroded, the whole
pyramid fell under its own weight. They were built too steep and did not have
the base structure as seen in the great pyramid.
84.Can a wave happen in the middle of
the ocean like in the movie Poseidon 2006?
Answer:- Yes. Rogue waves have been known to capsize ships.
85.What materials were used to build
the Golden Gate Bridge?
Answer:- steel and
concrete.
86.What is the density of most of
construction materials?
Answer:-
If it floats
it is less dense than water, 62.4 lbs/cubic ft. Wood is about 40 lbs/ cu.ft.--it
floats. Concrete is 150 lbs. / cu.ft. -- It does not float.
87.How and where are aqueducts built?
Answer:-
Aqueducts are
built in areas where you have a bunch of motivated end users (like a town or
group of farmers) at a low elevation in need of a more reliable source of water
located somewhere fairly nearby at a higher elevation. The aqueduct builders
construct a series of canals, elevated channels, and tunnels as required to get
the water from the source to the end users. Some good examples:
Roman
engineers built aqueducts throughout Italy and France from mountain water
sources to serve city dwellers b) Water-needy Southern California cities and
farms are served by an aqueduct that brings them water from sources in Northern
California c) New York City is supplied by an aqueduct and tunnel system from
sources upstate.
Inca farmers
in coastal valleys built irrigation aqueducts from sources higher up in the
Rockies e) Native American cultures in Phoenix area built irrigation canal
systems that diverted water from sources at higher elevations to irrigate their
crops.
88.What does civil status mean?
Answer:-
Civil means
like, when you do not get on with someone, but only talk when you have to.
Alternatively, when you do talk you do not argue. Alternatively, if you are
with someone who is of your both friends and family, you do not ruin it for
them.
89.What are the advantages and
disadvantages of lead products in construction?
Answer:-
Disadvantages:
-Lead is very toxic; its use can result in pollution of the ground and more
importantly of water supplies. This leads to the contamination of drinking
water and can cause hazards to human health as well as disrupting entire
ecosystems.
Advantages:
Because of its toxicity, lead is being bought less and less around the world,
which of course results in the lowering of its cost. In addition, lead melts at
a relatively low temperature, making it great for solder. However, recently the
Chinese have show an interest in buying mass quantities to manufacture
batteries made from a base of lead so the price of this metal may soon rise.
90.How do you measure water flowing
through 300mm diameter pipes?
Answer:-
Same as in
inches 3.14159265 and PSI have to be known.
91.Explain the various stages of the
project planning process in construction.
Answer:- First stage could be Briefing and Inception.
92.How do you convert wind speed into
force?
Answer:- Therometer
93.What is kn measurement?
Answer:- kn (both letters lowercase) is knots, which is a speed
nautical miles per hour.
94.What are the advantages of
building a dam on the river Nile?
Answer:-
It is the same
as building a dam on any river. Dams are built to control flooding downstream
during the wet season, generate power year round, and provide irrigation in the
dry season.
95.How much does the leaning tower of
Pisa lean?
Answer:- About 14 feet
96.What is the best type of wood
glue?
Answer:- Noob
97.What are the uses of Groynes?
Answer:-
They prevent,
or slow down erosion, and stop long shore drift. This, however, can have bad
knock-on effects somewhere near.
98.What are the functions of a column
in a building?
Answer:-
A column is
used to support the weight of the roof and/or the upper floors. Now days, many
columns are used for decorative purposes. A column along with load bearing
beams can support a lot of weight.
99.What is an ice dam sock?
Answer:-
If you have
never used a ice dam melting sock on your roof before, you will find that they
provide an inexpensive method for removing roof ice dams and improving your
home's heating efficiency. Roof ice dams are an annoying source of roof damage,
leaks, and heat loss in the winter. The main causes are drip melt from
improperly capped warm air vent pipes and poor roof insulation. Laying a ice
melt sock onto the roof so it crosses the ice dam and overhangs the gutter,
will melt through the snow and ice and create a channel for water to flow down
into the gutters or off the roof. If done properly those ice sickles that form
as the snow melts from the edges of the gutters will never appear, they too are
a cause of much damage and are dangerous to life and limb.
100.What Tor stands for in Tor steel?
Answer:- The owner’s last name
101.When was the first motorway built
in England?
Answer:-
The first
motorway opened in Britain was the M6 (M=Motorway). It was known as the Preston
ByPAss. It was opened in 1958.
When it was
planned, the Preston ByPAss was seen as the first piece of a large network. It
was deemed a success and led to the construction of a second motorway, the M1,
opened in 1959.
About Author:
I am Thomas Britto here to share my experiences in the civil engineering field to all my readers.Today many students are struggling to buy books at high prices. So I decided to start a blog and share my experience and knowledge with all my readers.
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